Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

an unexpected win

  • 1 unexpected win

    n.
    • batatazo s.m.

    English-spanish dictionary > unexpected win

  • 2 ♦ unexpected

    ♦ unexpected /ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪd/
    A a.
    inaspettato; imprevisto: an unexpected visit, una visita inaspettata; an unexpected win, una vittoria insperata; an unexpected defeat, una sconfitta inattesa; His death was completely unexpected, la sua morte è stata del tutto improvvisa
    B n. [u]
    – the unexpected, ciò che non ci si aspetta; l'inaspettato: One thing history teaches us is to expect the unexpected, una delle cose che ci insegna la storia è di aspettarsi l'inaspettato
    ● an unexpected event, un imprevisto
    unexpectedness n. [u].

    English-Italian dictionary > ♦ unexpected

  • 3 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 4 unlikely

    (not likely or probable: an unlikely explanation for his absence; She's unlikely to arrive before 7.00 p.m.; It is unlikely that she will come.) improbable
    unlikely adj poco probable / improbable
    tr[ʌn'laɪklɪ]
    1 (improbable) improbable, poco probable; (unexpected, unusual) inverosímil
    unlikely [.ʌn'laɪkli] adj, - lier ; - est
    1) improbable: improbable, poco probable
    2) unpromising: poco prometedor
    adj.
    • improbable adj.
    • inverosímil adj.
    • remoto, -a adj.
    'ʌn'laɪkli
    adjective -lier, liest
    a) ( improbable) <outcome/victory> improbable, poco probable

    that is highly o most unlikely — eso es muy poco probable

    b) ( far-fetched) <story/explanation> inverosímil, increíble
    c) (odd, unexpected) insólito

    an unlikely couple — una extraña pareja, una pareja dispareja (AmL)

    [ʌn'laɪklɪ]
    ADJ (compar unlikelier) (superl unlikeliest)
    1) (=improbable) poco probable, improbable

    it is unlikely that he will come, he is unlikely to come — es poco probable que venga, no es probable que venga

    he's unlikely to survive — tiene pocas posibilidades de sobrevivir, es poco probable que sobreviva

    in the unlikely event that we win — en el caso improbable de que ganáramos, en el caso de que ganáramos, lo cual es poco probable

    2) (=implausible) [explanation, excuse] inverosímil, increíble
    3) (=odd) insólito, extraño

    he and Paula made an unlikely couple or pair — él y Paula hacían una pareja insólita or extraña

    * * *
    ['ʌn'laɪkli]
    adjective -lier, liest
    a) ( improbable) <outcome/victory> improbable, poco probable

    that is highly o most unlikely — eso es muy poco probable

    b) ( far-fetched) <story/explanation> inverosímil, increíble
    c) (odd, unexpected) insólito

    an unlikely couple — una extraña pareja, una pareja dispareja (AmL)

    English-spanish dictionary > unlikely

  • 5 even

    1. adjective,
    1) (smooth, flat) eben [Boden, Fläche]
    2) (level) gleich hoch [Stapel, Stuhl-, Tischbein]; gleich lang [Vorhang, Stuhl-, Tischbein usw.]

    be of even height/length — gleich hoch/lang sein

    even with — genauso hoch/lang wie

    on an even keel — (fig.) ausgeglichen

    3) (straight) gerade [Saum, Kante]
    4) (parallel) parallel ( with zu)
    5) (regular) regelmäßig [Zähne]; (steady) gleichmäßig [Schrift, Rhythmus, Atmen, Schlagen]; stetig [Fortschritt]
    6) (equal) gleich [groß] [Menge, Abstand]; gleichmäßig [Verteilung, Aufteilung]

    the odds are even, it's an even bet — die Chancen stehen fünfzig zu fünfzig od. (ugs.) fifty-fifty

    7) (balanced) im Gleichgewicht

    be or get even with somebody — es jemandem heimzahlen

    9) (divisible by two, so numbered) gerade [Zahl, Seite, Hausnummer]
    2. adverb
    1) sogar; selbst

    hard, unbearable even — hart, ja unerträglich

    2) with negative

    not or never even... — [noch] nicht einmal...

    3) with compar. adj. or adv. sogar noch [komplizierter, weniger, schlimmer usw.]
    4)

    even if Arsenal won — selbst wenn Arsenal gewinnen würde; (fact) obgleich Arsenal gewann

    even so — [aber] trotzdem od. dennoch

    even now/ then — selbst od. sogar jetzt/dann

    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/86762/even_out">even out
    - even up
    * * *
    I 1. [i:vən] adjective
    1) (level; the same in height, amount etc: Are the table-legs even?; an even temperature.) gleich
    2) (smooth: Make the path more even.) eben
    3) (regular: He has a strong, even pulse.) gleichmäßig
    4) (divisible by 2 with no remainder: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 etc are even numbers.) gerade
    5) (equal (in number, amount etc): The teams have scored one goal each and so they are even now.) gleich
    6) ((of temperament etc) calm: She has a very even temper.) ausgeglichen
    2. verb
    1) (to make equal: Smith's goal evened the score.) ausgleichen
    2) (to make smooth or level.) ebnen
    •
    - evenly
    - evenness
    - be/get even with
    - an even chance
    - even out
    - even up     II [i:vən] adverb
    1) (used to point out something unexpected in what one is saying: `Have you finished yet?' `No, I haven't even started.'; Even the winner got no prize.) sogar
    2) (yet; still: My boots were dirty, but his were even dirtier.) noch
    •
    - even if
    - even so
    - even though
    * * *
    [ˈi:vən]
    I. adv
    1. (unexpectedly) selbst BRD, ÖSTERR
    \even Jim was there selbst [o sogar] Jim war da
    2. (indeed) sogar
    it might \even take a year es könnte unter Umständen ein Jahr dauern
    I never cry, not \even when I hurt myself really badly ich weine nie, noch nicht mal, wenn ich mir sehr weh tue
    he declined \even to consider the idea er lehnte es schon ab, die Idee überhaupt in Erwägung zu ziehen
    3. (despite) selbst BRD, ÖSTERR
    \even now I can't believe it ich kann es noch immer nicht ganz glauben
    ... but \even then he managed to make a mess of it... und trotzdem hat er es geschafft, alles durcheinanderzubringen
    \even if... selbst [o SCHWEIZ auch] wenn...
    \even so... trotzdem...
    I had a terrible headache but \even so I went to the concert ich hatte fürchterliche Kopfschmerzen, bin aber dennoch ins Konzert gegangen
    \even though... selbst [o SCHWEIZ auch] wenn...
    \even though he left school at 16,... obwohl er mit sechzehn bereits von der Schule abging,...
    4. (as intensifier) nahezu, fast SCHWEIZ
    I find his habits rather unpleasant, disgusting \even ich finde seine Gewohnheiten ziemlich unangenehm, um nicht zu sagen abstoßend
    5. + comp (all the more) noch
    \even colder/faster noch kälter/schneller
    II. adj
    1. (level) eben; two surfaces auf gleicher Höhe; ( fig) ausgeglichen
    to bring a boat onto an \even keel ein Boot in eine waagrechte Position bringen
    to put sth on an \even keel ( fig) etw wieder auf die Beine bringen fig
    an \even row eine gerade Reihe
    an \even surface eine glatte Oberfläche
    2. (equal) gleich [groß]; (size, amount) gleich groß
    the odds are quoted as \even money die Gewinnquote steht fünfzig fünfzig
    there is an \even chance of sth die Chancen für etw akk stehen fünfzig zu fünfzig
    there's an \even chance of rain es sieht ganz nach Regen aus
    an \even contest ein ebenbürtiger Wettkampf
    an \even distribution of wealth eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Reichtums
    an \even game ein ausgeglichenes Spiel
    to be on \even terms gleichgestellt sein
    to get \even with sb jdm etw heimzahlen
    3. (regular) gleichmäßig
    to walk at an \even pace in gleichmäßigem Tempo gehen
    to work at an \even rate im regelmäßigen Rhythmus arbeiten
    to walk with \even steps gleichmäßigen Schrittes gehen
    to have an \even temper ausgeglichen sein
    4. (fair) günstig
    an \even bargain ein Schnäppchen
    to distribute sth with an \even hand etw gleich verteilen
    ▪ to be \even [with sb] [mit jdm] quitt sein
    5. inv MATH gerade
    an \even number eine gerade Zahl
    an \even page eine Seite mit gerader Zahl
    III. vt
    to \even a floor/surface einen Fußboden ebnen/eine Oberfläche glätten
    ▪ to \even sth etw ausgleichen
    to \even the score das Gleichgewicht wiederherstellen
    ▪ to \even out ⇆ sth etw ausgleichen
    ▪ to \even up ⇆ sth etw ausgleichen; (give parity to) aufeinander abgestimmt werden
    that should \even things up a bit das sollte alles etwas ausgleichen
    IV. vi sich ausgleichen; prices sich einpendeln
    * * *
    I ['iːvən]
    1. adj
    1) surface, ground eben

    the concrete has to be even with the ground — der Beton muss eben mit dem Boden abschließen

    2) (= regular) layer etc, voice gleichmäßig; progress stetig; breathing, pulse regelmäßig, gleichmäßig
    3) quantities, distances, values gleich

    that makes us even (in game) — damit steht es unentschieden; (fig) damit sind wir quitt

    never give a sucker an even break ( dated US inf ) — gib einem Trottel keine Chance (inf)

    4) number gerade

    even money — Wette, bei der die doppelte Einsatzsumme als Gewinn ausgezahlt wird

    I'll give you even money he's late (inf) — ich gehe jede Wette mit dir ein, dass er zu spät kommt

    5) (= exact) genau
    2. adv
    1) sogar, selbst

    that's good going, even for you — sogar or selbst für dich ist das allerhand

    it'll be difficult, impossible even — das wird schwierig sein, wenn nicht (so)gar unmöglich

    2) (with comp adj) sogar noch

    that's even better/more beautiful — das ist sogar (noch) besser/schöner

    3)

    (with neg) not even — nicht einmal

    without even a smile —

    he didn't even answer the letter — er hat den Brief (noch) nicht einmal beantwortet

    4)

    even if you were a millionaire —

    even though I live alone I'm not lonely — obwohl ich allein lebe, bin ich nicht einsam

    even as I spoke someone knocked at the door —

    even as... so (old) — genau wie... so

    3. vt
    surface glatt or eben machen, glätten II
    n (obs, poet)
    Abend m
    * * *
    even1 [ˈiːvn] adv
    1. sogar, selbst, auch (verstärkend):
    not even he nicht einmal er;
    I never even read it ich habe es nicht einmal gelesen;
    even then selbst dann;
    even though, even if selbst wenn, wenn auch;
    without even looking ohne auch nur hinzusehen
    2. noch (vor komp):
    even better (sogar) noch besser;
    even more noch mehr
    3. bereits, nur
    4. gerade (zeitlich):
    a) obs eben oder gerade jetzt,
    b) selbst jetzt oder heutzutage;
    not even now nicht einmal jetzt, selbst oder auch jetzt noch nicht
    5. eben, ganz, gerade (verstärkend):
    even as I expected obs gerade oder genau, wie ich (es) erwartete;
    even as he spoke obs gerade als er sprach;
    even so immerhin, dennoch, trotzdem, selbst dann
    6. obs nämlich, das heißt:
    God, even our own God
    7. or even oder auch (nur), oder gar
    even2 [ˈiːvn]
    A adj
    1. eben, flach, glatt, gerade:
    even with the ground dem Boden gleich
    2. auf oder in gleicher Höhe ( with mit)
    3. fig ausgeglichen, ruhig, gelassen:
    of an even temper ausgeglichen;
    an even voice eine ruhige Stimme
    4. gleichmäßig:
    even features regelmäßige (Gesichts)Züge
    5. waag(e)recht, horizontal: → keel1 A 1
    6. WIRTSCH
    a) ausgeglichen ( auch SPORT Runde etc), schuldenfrei
    b) ohne (Gewinn od) Verlust:
    be even with sb mit jemandem quitt sein umg, a. fig( → A 10);
    get even with sb mit jemandem abrechnen, mit jemandem quitt werden umg (beide a. fig); → break even
    7. im Gleichgewicht (auch fig)
    8. gerecht, unparteiisch (Gesetz etc)
    9. gleich, identisch (Teile etc):
    even bet Wette f mit gleichem Einsatz;
    even chances gleiche Chancen;
    it’s even chances that … umg die Chancen stehen fifty-fifty, dass …;
    he stands an even chance of winning er hat eine echte Chance zu gewinnen;
    meet on even ground mit gleichen Chancen kämpfen;
    even money gleicher (Wett)Einsatz;
    your letter of even date Ihr Schreiben gleichen Datums
    10. gleich (im Rang etc):
    be even with sb mit jemandem gleichstehen ( → A 6)
    11. gerade (Zahl):
    even page Buchseite f mit gerader Zahl;
    end even TYPO mit voller Zeile abschließen
    12. rund, voll (Summe)
    13. präzise, genau:
    an even dozen genau ein Dutzend
    B v/t
    1. auch even out (ein)ebnen, glätten
    a) ausgleichen,
    b) (gleichmäßig) verteilen
    3. even up eine Rechnung aus-, begleichen:
    even up accounts Konten abstimmen;
    even matters ( oder things) up sich revanchieren
    C v/i
    1. meist even out eben werden (Gelände)
    a) sich ausgleichen,
    b) sich (gleichmäßig) verteilen
    3. even up on sb mit jemandem quitt werden umg, a. fig
    even3 [ˈiːvn] s poet Abend m
    * * *
    1. adjective,
    1) (smooth, flat) eben [Boden, Fläche]
    2) (level) gleich hoch [Stapel, Stuhl-, Tischbein]; gleich lang [Vorhang, Stuhl-, Tischbein usw.]

    be of even height/length — gleich hoch/lang sein

    even with — genauso hoch/lang wie

    on an even keel — (fig.) ausgeglichen

    3) (straight) gerade [Saum, Kante]
    4) (parallel) parallel ( with zu)
    5) (regular) regelmäßig [Zähne]; (steady) gleichmäßig [Schrift, Rhythmus, Atmen, Schlagen]; stetig [Fortschritt]
    6) (equal) gleich [groß] [Menge, Abstand]; gleichmäßig [Verteilung, Aufteilung]

    the odds are even, it's an even bet — die Chancen stehen fünfzig zu fünfzig od. (ugs.) fifty-fifty

    7) (balanced) im Gleichgewicht
    8) (quits, fully revenged)

    be or get even with somebody — es jemandem heimzahlen

    9) (divisible by two, so numbered) gerade [Zahl, Seite, Hausnummer]
    2. adverb
    1) sogar; selbst

    hard, unbearable even — hart, ja unerträglich

    2) with negative

    not or never even... — [noch] nicht einmal...

    3) with compar. adj. or adv. sogar noch [komplizierter, weniger, schlimmer usw.]
    4)

    even if Arsenal won — selbst wenn Arsenal gewinnen würde; (fact) obgleich Arsenal gewann

    even so — [aber] trotzdem od. dennoch

    even now/ then — selbst od. sogar jetzt/dann

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    adj.
    eben adj.
    gerade (Mathematik) adj.
    gerade (Zahl) adj.
    gerade adj.
    gleichmäßig
    adj.
    selbst adj.
    sogar adj. n.
    Gerade -n f.

    English-german dictionary > even

  • 6 получать

    несовер. - получать;
    совер. - получить( кого-л./что-л.) receive, get;
    obtain (доставать) ;
    catch, get, contract (болезнь) получать пальму первенства ≈ to bear the palm получать широкое применение ≈ to be widely adopted получать/сдавать зачет( по чему-л.) ≈ to pass a test (in) получить всеобщее признание ≈ to be generally recognized получать признание ≈ to be accorded recognition, to obtain recognition получать огласку ≈ to become known;
    to receive publicity;
    to be made known;
    to take air получать одобрение ≈ to meet with approval получать преимущество ≈ to get the better (of) ;
    to get the start (of) ;
    to come( over) получать повышение ≈ (по службе) to better oneself получать по заслугам ≈ to meet one's deserts, to meet with one's deserts, to get one's fairing, to get one's bitters амер. получать наследство ≈ to come into a fortune получать взбучку ≈ to have one's gruel;
    to get it on the nose получать расчет ≈ to get lay-off pay, to receive lay-off pay получать нагоняй ≈ to get one's pennyworth;
    to catch it, to get it, to get it hot разг. получать в подарок ≈ to receive as a present/gift получать патент ≈ to take out a patent получать поддержку ≈ to get/derive encouragement( from), to receive powerful backing( from) получать прибавку ≈ to get a rise получать прибыль ≈ to get a profit (out of), to receive a profit (from) ;
    to profit (by/from) получать приз ≈ to win a prize получить по шее ≈ to get it in the neck
    получ|ать -, получить (вн.) receive (smth.), get* (smth.) ;
    (добиваться тж.) obtain (smth.) ;
    получить письмо receive а letter;
    ~ газету take* а paper;
    ~ зарплату receive one`s wages;
    ~ доступ к чему-л. get* admission to smth. ;
    получить среднее, высшее образование receive/have* а secondary, higher education;
    получить профессуру be* appointed to а professorship;
    ~ огласку receive publicity;
    ~ повышение get* promotion;
    получить насморк catch*/get* а cold;
    получить выговор be* reprimanded;
    ~ лицензию obtain a license;
    получить чьё-л. согласие obtain/get* smb.`s consent;
    получить признание receive recognition;
    ~аться, получиться come* out;
    что получилось? what was the result of it?, what came of it?;
    результаты получились совершенно неожиданные the results were quite unexpected;
    может быть, из него получится хороший музыкант he may make a fine musician, he may turn out a fine musician;
    ~ение с. receipt;
    для ~ения in order to receive;
    подтвердить ~ение (рд.) acknowlege the receipt (of) ;
    расписка в ~ении receipt;
    по ~ении on receiving.

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > получать

  • 7 even

    I
    1. i:vən adjective
    1) (level; the same in height, amount etc: Are the table-legs even?; an even temperature.) uniforme, constante
    2) (smooth: Make the path more even.) liso, llano
    3) (regular: He has a strong, even pulse.) regular
    4) (divisible by 2 with no remainder: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 etc are even numbers.) par
    5) (equal (in number, amount etc): The teams have scored one goal each and so they are even now.) empatado
    6) ((of temperament etc) calm: She has a very even temper.) constante, tranquilo

    2. verb
    1) (to make equal: Smith's goal evened the score.) igualar
    2) (to make smooth or level.) allanar, nivelar
    •
    - evenness
    - be/get even with
    - an even chance
    - even out
    - even up
    II i:vən adverb
    1) (used to point out something unexpected in what one is saying: `Have you finished yet?' `No, I haven't even started.'; Even the winner got no prize.) ni siquiera
    2) (yet; still: My boots were dirty, but his were even dirtier.) todavía más, aún más
    •
    - even so
    - even though
    even1 adj
    1. llano / liso / plano
    2. uniforme / regular / constante
    3. igualado / empatado
    now we're even! ¡ya estamos en paz!
    even2 adv
    1. hasta / incluso / aun
    the weather is always bad, even in summer siempre hace mal tiempo, incluso en verano
    2. aún / todavía
    Monday was cold, but today it's even colder el lunes hizo frío, pero hoy hace más aún
    3. ni siquiera
    even though aunque / a pesar de que
    tr['iːvən]
    1 (level, flat) llano,-a, plano,-a; (smooth) liso,-a
    2 (regular, steady) uniforme, regular, constante
    3 (evenly balanced) igual, igualado,-a
    4 (equal in measure, quantity, number) igual
    ■ add even amounts of milk and water añadir igual cantidad de leche y agua, añadir leche y agua a partes iguales
    5 (number) par
    6 (placid - character) apacible, tranquilo,-a; (- voice) imperturbable
    7 (on the same level as) a nivel ( with, de)
    1 hasta, incluso, aun
    ■ it's always sunny, even in winter siempre hace sol, incluso en invierno
    ■ it's open every day, even on Sundays abren cada día, incluso los domingos
    2 (with negative) siquiera, ni siquiera
    3 (before comparative) aun, todavía
    1 (level) nivelar, allanar
    2 (score) igualar; (situation) equilibrar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    even as mientras, justo cuando
    even if aun si, aunque
    even now incluso ahora, aun ahora
    even so incluso así, aun así, a pesar de eso
    even then incluso entonces, aun entonces
    even though aunque, aun cuando
    to be even with somebody estar en paz con alguien
    to break even cubrir gastos
    to get even with somebody desquitarse con alguien
    ■ I'll get even with you! ¡me las pagarás!
    even chances cincuenta por ciento de posibilidades
    even ['i:vən] vt
    1) level: allanar, nivelar, emparejar
    2) equalize: igualar, equilibrar
    even vi
    to even out : nivelarse, emparejarse
    even adv
    1) : hasta, incluso
    even a child can do it: hasta un niño puede hacerlo
    he looked content, even happy: se le veía satisfecho, incluso feliz
    he didn't even try: ni siquiera lo intentó
    3) (in comparisons) : aún, todavía
    even better: aún mejor, todavía mejor
    4)
    even if : aunque
    5)
    even so : aun así
    6)
    even though : aun cuando, a pesar de que
    even adj
    1) smooth: uniforme, liso, parejo
    2) flat: plano, llano
    3) equal: igual, igualado
    an even score: un marcador igualado
    4) regular: regular, constante
    an even pace: un ritmo constante
    5) exact: exacto, justo
    6) : par
    even number: número par
    7)
    to be even : estar en paz, estar a mano
    8)
    to get even : desquitarse, vengarse
    adj.
    • exacto, -a adj.
    • igual adj.
    • imparcial adj.
    • liso, -a adj.
    • llano, -a adj.
    • par (Matemática) adj.
    • parejero, -a adj.
    • parejo, -a adj.
    • plano, -a adj.
    • uniforme adj.
    adv.
    • aun adv.
    • aún adv.
    • hasta adv.
    • incluso adv.
    • siquiera adv.
    conj.
    • aun conj.
    v.
    • allanar v.
    • igualar v.

    I 'iːvən
    1)
    a) hasta, incluso

    even now, five years later — incluso ahora, cuando ya han pasado cinco años

    b) (with neg)
    c) (with comparative) aún, todavía

    even if — aunque (+ subj)

    even if I knew, I wouldn't tell you — aunque lo supiera, no te lo diría

    even though — aun cuando, a pesar de que


    II
    1)
    a) (flat, smooth) <ground/surface> plano; < coat of paint> uniforme
    b) (regular, uniform) <color/lighting> uniforme, parejo (AmL); < breathing> acompasado, regular; < temperature> constante
    2) ( equal) < distribution> equitativo, igual

    so now we're even o so that makes us even — así que estamos en paz or (AmL tb) a mano

    to break even — recuperar los gastos, no tener* ni pérdidas ni beneficios

    I'll get even with her — me las pagará


    III
    1) ( level) \<\<surface\>\> allanar, nivelar
    2) ( make equal) \<\<score\>\> igualar; \<\<contest/situation\>\> equilibrar
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ['iːvǝn]
    1. ADJ
    1) (=smooth, flat) [surface, ground] plano

    to make sth even — nivelar algo, allanar algo

    2) (=uniform) [speed, temperature, progress] constante; [breathing] regular; [distribution, colour, work] uniforme
    keel
    3) (=equal) [quantities, distances] igual; [distribution] equitativo

    • to break even — llegar a cubrir los gastos

    • he has an even chance of winning the election — (Brit) tiene las mismas posibilidades de ganar las elecciones que de perderlas, tiene un cincuenta por ciento de posibilidades de ganar las elecciones

    • to get even with sb — ajustar cuentas con algn

    I'll get even with you for that! — ¡me las pagarás por eso! *

    • that makes us even — (in game) así quedamos empatados; (regarding money) así quedamos en paz or (LAm) a mano

    • they are an even match — (in sports, games) los dos son igual de buenos; (fig) no le tiene nada que envidiar el uno al otro

    • I'll give you even money that Arsenal will win — (Brit) para mí que Arsenal tiene las mismas posibilidades de ganar que de perder

    • the odds are about even — (Brit) las posibilidades son más o menos iguales

    • our score is even — estamos igualados or empatados

    • to be even with sb — (in game) estar igualado con algn; (regarding money) estar en paz or (LAm) a mano con algn

    - give sb an even break
    even-handed, even-stevens
    4) (=calm)

    • he has an even temper — no se altera fácilmente

    • to say sth with an even voice — decir algo sin alterar la voz

    even-tempered
    5) (=not odd) [number] par
    2. ADV
    1) hasta, incluso

    I have even forgotten his name — hasta or incluso he olvidado su nombre

    even on Sundays — hasta or incluso los domingos

    even the priest was there — hasta or incluso el cura estaba allí

    pick them all, even the little ones — recógelos todos incluso los pequeños

    even I know that! — ¡eso lo sé hasta yo!

    2) (with compar adj or adv) aún, todavía

    even faster — aún or todavía más rápido

    even better — aún or todavía mejor

    even more easily — aún or todavía más fácilmente

    even less money — aún or todavía menos dinero

    • not even... — ni siquiera...

    don't even think about it! — ¡ni lo pienses!

    • without even reading it — sin leerlo siquiera

    • even as, even as he spoke the door opened — en ese mismo momento se abrió la puerta

    even as he had wished it — frm exactamente como él lo había deseado

    • even if — aunque + subjun, incluso si + subjun

    even if you tried — aunque lo intentaras, incluso si lo intentaras, así lo procuraras (LAm)

    • not... even if, not even if, he won't talk to you even if you do go there — no hablará contigo aunque vayas allí

    I couldn't be prouder, not even if you were my own son — no me sentiría más orgulloso, aunque fuera mi propio hijo

    • even now — todavía

    even now, you could still change your mind — todavía estás a tiempo de cambiar de idea

    • even so — aun así

    even so he was disappointed — aun así, quedó decepcionado

    yes but even so... — sí, pero aun así...

    • even then — aun así

    • even though — aunque

    he didn't listen, even though he knew I was right — no me hizo caso, aunque sabía que tenía razón

    • even when — incluso cuando

    he never gets depressed, even when things go badly — nunca se deprime, incluso or ni siquiera cuando las cosas andan mal

    we were never in love, not even when we got married — nunca estuvimos enamorados, ni siquiera cuando nos casamos

    3. VT
    1) (=smooth, flatten) [+ surface, ground] nivelar, allanar
    2) (=equalize) igualar

    • to even the score — (lit) igualar el marcador

    he was determined to even the score — (=get revenge) estaba decidido or empeñado a desquitarse

    4.
    evens
    NPL (esp Brit)
    * * *

    I ['iːvən]
    1)
    a) hasta, incluso

    even now, five years later — incluso ahora, cuando ya han pasado cinco años

    b) (with neg)
    c) (with comparative) aún, todavía

    even if — aunque (+ subj)

    even if I knew, I wouldn't tell you — aunque lo supiera, no te lo diría

    even though — aun cuando, a pesar de que


    II
    1)
    a) (flat, smooth) <ground/surface> plano; < coat of paint> uniforme
    b) (regular, uniform) <color/lighting> uniforme, parejo (AmL); < breathing> acompasado, regular; < temperature> constante
    2) ( equal) < distribution> equitativo, igual

    so now we're even o so that makes us even — así que estamos en paz or (AmL tb) a mano

    to break even — recuperar los gastos, no tener* ni pérdidas ni beneficios

    I'll get even with her — me las pagará


    III
    1) ( level) \<\<surface\>\> allanar, nivelar
    2) ( make equal) \<\<score\>\> igualar; \<\<contest/situation\>\> equilibrar
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-spanish dictionary > even

  • 8 fancy

    'fænsi
    1. plural - fancies; noun
    1) (a sudden (often unexpected) liking or desire: The child had many peculiar fancies.) capricho, antojo
    2) (the power of the mind to imagine things: She had a tendency to indulge in flights of fancy.) fantasía, imaginación
    3) (something imagined: He had a sudden fancy that he could see Spring approaching.) fantasía

    2. adjective
    (decorated; not plain: fancy cakes.) decorado, de fantasía

    3. verb
    1) (to like the idea of having or doing something: I fancy a cup of tea.) apetecer, gustar
    2) (to think or have a certain feeling or impression (that): I fancied (that) you were angry.) imaginarse, figurarse
    3) (to have strong sexual interest in (a person): He fancies her a lot.) gustar, sentirse atraído (por)
    •
    - fancifully
    - fancy dress
    - take a fancy to
    - take one's fancy
    fancy1 adj elegante
    El comparativo de fancy se escribe fancier; el superlativo se escribe fanciest
    fancy2 vb
    1. apetecer
    what do you fancy doing? ¿qué te apetece hacer?
    2. gustar
    tr['fænsɪ]
    1 (imagination) fantasía, imaginación nombre femenino
    2 (whim) capricho, antojo
    1 (jewels, goods etc) de fantasía
    2 (unusual) estrafalario,-a
    3 (high-class, posh) elegante, de lujo
    4 (prices) exagerado,-a, excesivo,-a, exorbitante
    1 (want) apetecer, querer
    ■ do you fancy a drink? ¿te apetece una copa?
    2 (find attractive) encontrar atractivo,-a
    3 (think) creer, suponer
    ■ I'm not sure, but I fancy she was wearing blue no estoy seguro, pero creo que iba vestida de azul
    4 (think likely to do well) creer, parecer
    ■ who do you fancy for the 400 metres hurdles? ¿quién crees que ganará los 400 metros vallas?
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    fancy that! ¡fíjate!, ¡pues vaya!
    fancy! ¿quién lo habría dicho?, ¡vaya!, ¡qué casualidad!
    ■ fancy Nigel losing his job! ¿quién habría dicho que Nigel perdiera su trabajo?
    to take a fancy to somebody/something encapricharse con alguien/algo
    to catch somebody's fancy / take somebody's fancy hacerle gracia a alguien, encantarle a alguien
    to fancy oneself ser creído,-a, ser presumido,-a
    to fancy oneself as something dárselas de algo, creerse algo
    fancy cake pastelito fino
    fancy ['fæntsi] vt, - cied ; - cying
    1) imagine: imaginarse, figurarse
    fancy that!: ¡figúrate!, ¡imagínate!
    2) crave: apetecer, tener ganas de
    fancy adj, - cier ; - est
    1) elaborate: elaborado
    2) luxurious: lujoso, elegante
    ♦ fancily ['fæntsəli] adv
    fancy n, pl - cies
    1) liking: gusto m, afición f
    2) whim: antojo m, capricho m
    3) imagination: fantasía f, imaginación f
    adj.
    • de fantasía adj.
    • elegante adj.
    • postinero, -a adj.
    n.
    • afición s.f.
    • antojo s.m.
    • capricho s.m.
    • fantasía s.f.
    • gusto s.m.
    • imaginación s.f.
    • magín s.m.
    v.
    • fantasear v.
    • figurar v.
    • imaginar v.
    • suponer v.

    I
    1. 'fænsi
    fancies, fancying, fancied transitive verb (esp BrE)
    1) ( expressing surprise) (in interj)

    (just) fancy that! — pues mira tú!, imagínate!

    fancy saying a thing like that! — cómo se te (or le etc) ocurre decir una cosa así!

    2) (feel urge, desire for) (colloq)

    to fancy something/-ING: I really fancy an ice-cream qué ganas de tomarme un helado!; do you fancy going to see a movie? — ¿tienes ganas de or te gustaría or (esp Esp) te apetece ir al cine?

    to fancy somebody: I fancy her/him — me gusta mucho

    5) ( imagine) (frml)

    to fancy (THAT): she fancied she saw his face in the crowd — creyó ver su cara entre la multitud


    2.
    v refl

    to fancy oneself — (colloq) ser* (un) creído

    to fancy oneself AS something: he fancies himself as an actor — se las da de actor


    II
    adjective -cier, -ciest
    a) ( elaborate) elaborado
    b) ( superior) (pej) < hotel> de campanillas; < car> lujoso; < ideas> extravagante, estrambótico

    nothing fancy, just a sandwich will do — nada complicado, con un sandwich basta

    c) ( of foodstuffs) (AmE)

    US Grade Fancy — ≈extra, ≈de primera calidad


    III
    noun (pl - cies)
    a) ( liking) (no pl)

    to take a fancy to somebody/something: they took a real fancy to each other quedaron prendados el uno del otro; she seems to have taken a fancy to you parece que le has caído en gracia; he's taken a fancy to that book se ha encaprichado con ese libro; to take o catch somebody's fancy: the ring quite took o caught my fancy el anillo me encantó or me dejó fascinada; buy whatever takes your fancy compra lo que te apetezca; to tickle somebody's fancy: the idea rather tickled my fancy — la idea me resultó atractiva

    b) c ( whim) capricho m, antojo m
    c u
    c) ( unfounded idea) (liter) fantasía f
    d) ( imagination) imaginación f, fantasía f
    ['fænsɪ]
    1. N
    1) (=liking)

    to catch or take sb's fancy — atraer a algn

    to take a fancy to — [+ person] (amorously) quedarse prendado de, prendarse de; [+ thing] encapricharse con

    he had taken a fancy to one of the secretaries — se había quedado prendado or se había prendado de una de las secretarias

    2) (=whim) capricho m, antojo m
    tickle
    3) (=imagination) fantasía f, imaginación f
    flight I, 1., 1)
    4) (=vague idea)

    I have a fancy that he'll be late — tengo or me da la sensación de que llegará tarde

    2. ADJ
    (compar fancier) (superl fanciest)
    1) (=elaborate) muy elaborado

    I like good, plain food, nothing fancy — me gusta la buena comida, sencilla, nada muy elaborado or nada demasiado historiado

    fancy footwork — (in football, dancing) filigranas fpl, florituras fpl (con los pies) ; (fig) gran habilidad f

    2) (=elegant) [restaurant] de lujo, muy chic; [house, car] lujoso; [clothes] elegante, chic
    3) (=exaggerated) [price] desorbitado; [idea] estrambótico
    3. VT
    1) (=imagine) imaginarse, figurarse

    fancy that! * — ¡fíjate!, ¡imagínate!

    fancy meeting you here! — ¡qué casualidad encontrarte aquí!

    fancy him winning! — ¡qué raro que ganara él!

    fancy letting him get away with it! — ¡mira que dejarle salirse con la suya!, ¡mira que dejar que se saliese con la suya!

    fancy throwing that away, there's nothing wrong with it — ¡a quién se le ocurre tirar eso! está en perfectas condiciones

    I rather fancy he's gone out — me da la impresión or se me hace que ha salido, se me antoja que ha salido liter

    2) (=like, want)

    what do you fancy? — ¿qué quieres tomar?, ¿qué te apetece?

    do you fancy an Indian meal? — ¿te apetece or (LAm) se te antoja un una comida india?

    he fancies himself * — es un creído or un presumido

    3) (esp Brit)
    * (=be attracted to)

    I could tell he fancied me — notaba que le gustaba mucho, notaba que se sentía atraído por mí

    4) (=rate)

    which horse do you fancy for the Grand National? — ¿qué caballo es tu favorito para el Grand National?

    4.
    CPD

    are you going in fancy dress? — ¿vas a ir disfrazado or con disfraz?

    fancy dress ball N — baile m de disfraces

    fancy dress party N — fiesta f de disfraces

    fancy goods NPL — (Comm) artículos mpl de regalo

    fancy man † * N pej —

    her fancy man — su amante, su amiguito *

    fancy woman † * N pej —

    his fancy woman — su querida, su amiguita *

    * * *

    I
    1. ['fænsi]
    fancies, fancying, fancied transitive verb (esp BrE)
    1) ( expressing surprise) (in interj)

    (just) fancy that! — pues mira tú!, imagínate!

    fancy saying a thing like that! — cómo se te (or le etc) ocurre decir una cosa así!

    2) (feel urge, desire for) (colloq)

    to fancy something/-ING: I really fancy an ice-cream qué ganas de tomarme un helado!; do you fancy going to see a movie? — ¿tienes ganas de or te gustaría or (esp Esp) te apetece ir al cine?

    to fancy somebody: I fancy her/him — me gusta mucho

    5) ( imagine) (frml)

    to fancy (THAT): she fancied she saw his face in the crowd — creyó ver su cara entre la multitud


    2.
    v refl

    to fancy oneself — (colloq) ser* (un) creído

    to fancy oneself AS something: he fancies himself as an actor — se las da de actor


    II
    adjective -cier, -ciest
    a) ( elaborate) elaborado
    b) ( superior) (pej) < hotel> de campanillas; < car> lujoso; < ideas> extravagante, estrambótico

    nothing fancy, just a sandwich will do — nada complicado, con un sandwich basta

    c) ( of foodstuffs) (AmE)

    US Grade Fancy — ≈extra, ≈de primera calidad


    III
    noun (pl - cies)
    a) ( liking) (no pl)

    to take a fancy to somebody/something: they took a real fancy to each other quedaron prendados el uno del otro; she seems to have taken a fancy to you parece que le has caído en gracia; he's taken a fancy to that book se ha encaprichado con ese libro; to take o catch somebody's fancy: the ring quite took o caught my fancy el anillo me encantó or me dejó fascinada; buy whatever takes your fancy compra lo que te apetezca; to tickle somebody's fancy: the idea rather tickled my fancy — la idea me resultó atractiva

    b) c ( whim) capricho m, antojo m
    c u
    c) ( unfounded idea) (liter) fantasía f
    d) ( imagination) imaginación f, fantasía f

    English-spanish dictionary > fancy

  • 9 fancy

    1. noun

    he has taken a fancy to a new car/her — ein neues Auto/sie hat es ihm angetan

    take or catch somebody's fancy — jemandem gefallen; jemanden ansprechen

    2) (whim) Laune, die
    3) (notion) merkwürdiges Gefühl; (delusion, belief) Vorstellung, die
    4) (faculty of imagining) Fantasie, die
    5) (mental image) Fantasievorstellung, die

    just a fancy — nur Einbildung

    2. attributive adjective
    1) (ornamental) kunstvoll [Arbeit, Muster]

    fancy jewellery — Modeschmuck, der

    2) (extravagant) stolz (ugs.)
    3. transitive verb
    1) (imagine) sich (Dat.) einbilden
    2) (coll.) in imper. as excl. of surprise

    fancy that! — sieh mal einer an!; also so etwas!

    3) (suppose) glauben; denken

    ..., I fancy —..., möchte ich meinen

    4) (wish to have) mögen

    what do you fancy for dinner? — was hättest du gern zum Abendessen?

    he fancies [the idea of] doing something — er würde etwas gern tun

    do you think she fancies him? — glaubst du, sie mag ihn?

    5) (coll.): (have high opinion of)

    fancy oneself as a singer — sich für einen [großen] Sänger halten

    fancy one's/somebody's chances — seine/jemandes Chancen hoch einschätzen

    * * *
    ['fænsi] 1. plural - fancies; noun
    1) (a sudden (often unexpected) liking or desire: The child had many peculiar fancies.) die Vorliebe
    2) (the power of the mind to imagine things: She had a tendency to indulge in flights of fancy.) die Phantasie
    3) (something imagined: He had a sudden fancy that he could see Spring approaching.) die Vorstellung
    2. adjective
    (decorated; not plain: fancy cakes.) verziert
    3. verb
    1) (to like the idea of having or doing something: I fancy a cup of tea.) sich vorstellen
    2) (to think or have a certain feeling or impression (that): I fancied( that) you were angry.) sich einbilden
    3) (to have strong sexual interest in (a person): He fancies her a lot.) Lust haben
    •
    - academic.ru/26392/fanciful">fanciful
    - fancifully
    - fancy dress
    - take a fancy to
    - take one's fancy
    * * *
    fan·cy
    [ˈfæn(t)si]
    I. vt
    <- ie->
    ▪ to \fancy sth etw wollen [o mögen]; (would like to have)
    ▪ sb fancies sth jd hätte gerne etw; (feel like)
    ▪ to \fancy sth Lust auf etw akk haben; (like)
    ▪ sb fancies sth jdm gefällt etw
    I don't \fancy swimming in such dirty water in derart schmutzigem Wasser will [o möchte] ich nicht schwimmen
    I \fancy a house with a big garden ich hätte gerne ein Haus mit einem großen Garten
    do you \fancy a drink this evening? hast du Lust, heute Abend was trinken zu gehen? fam
    do you \fancy a spin in my new car? ( fam) hast du Lust auf eine Spritztour in meinem neuen Wagen? fam
    I'm not sure I \fancy the idea of going there ich weiß nicht, ob mir der Gedanke gefällt, dort hinzufahren
    to \fancy the prospect of doing sth von der Aussicht, etw zu tun, begeistert sein
    ▪ to \fancy sb (find attractive) jdn attraktiv finden, auf jdn stehen fam; (be sexually attracted by) etw von jdm wollen fam
    I always liked her without ever really \fancying her ich mochte sie immer, ohne dass ich je was von ihr wollte fam
    3. (be full of)
    ▪ to \fancy oneself BRIT ( pej) sich dat toll vorkommen
    4. (imagine as winner)
    to \fancy a horse/team/candidate ein Pferd/ein Team/einen Kandidaten favorisieren
    who do you \fancy to win the Cup this year? wer, glaubst du, wird dieses Jahr den Cup gewinnen?
    5. (believe)
    to \fancy one's chances [of doing sth] sich dat Chancen ausrechnen [etw zu tun]
    to not \fancy sb's chances jdm keine großen Chancen geben
    I didn't \fancy his chances of ever getting his novel published ich habe nicht daran geglaubt, dass er seinen Roman jemals veröffentlichen würde
    6. esp BRIT (imagine, think)
    ▪ to \fancy [that]... denken, dass...
    I fancied I saw something in the corner ich meinte, etwas in der Ecke gesehen zu haben
    she fancies herself a rebel sie hält sich für eine Rebellin
    Dick fancies himself as a singer Dick bildet sich ein, ein großer Sänger zu sein
    I used to \fancy myself captaining a great ocean liner ich habe mir früher immer vorgestellt, einen großen Ozeandampfer zu steuern
    there's rather more to this [than meets the eye], I \fancy ( dated) ich denke, da steckt mehr dahinter [als es auf den ersten Blick scheint]
    \fancy [that]! stell dir das [mal] vor!
    \fancy seeing you again! schön dich wiederzusehen!
    \fancy seeing you here! das ist aber eine Überraschung, dich hier zu sehen!, na, so was! du hier! fam
    \fancy you knowing old Ben! nicht zu fassen, dass du den alten Ben auch kennst!
    \fancy saying that to you of all people! [unglaublich,] dass man das ausgerechnet zu dir gesagt hat!
    II. n
    1. no pl (liking) Vorliebe f
    to catch [or take] sb's \fancy jdm gefallen
    to have a \fancy for sth/sb eine Vorliebe für etw/jdn haben
    to take a \fancy to sth/sb Gefallen an etw/jdm finden
    Laura's taken a \fancy to Japanese food Laura hat ihre Liebe zur japanischen Küche entdeckt
    I've taken a \fancy to that old car of yours dein altes Auto hat es mir angetan
    to tickle sb's \fancy jdn reizen
    2. no pl (whim) Laune f
    he only comes when the \fancy takes him er kommt nur, wenn ihm gerade danach ist
    to be no passing \fancy nicht nur eine vorübergehende Laune sein
    3. (idea) Vorstellung f, Fantasie f; (whimsical idea) Laune f, Grille[n] f[pl] veraltend; (notion)
    to have a \fancy that... so ein Gefühl haben, dass...
    idle [or vain] \fancy Spinnerei f pej
    these are just idle fancies of yours das sind nur so Grillen von dir fam
    4. no pl (imagination) Fantasie f
    flight of \fancy Fantasterei f pej
    ▪ fancies pl Gebäck nt (mit Zuckerguss u.ä. Verzierungen), Confiserie pl SCHWEIZ
    III. adj
    1. (elaborate) decoration, frills aufwändig; pattern ausgefallen; hairdo kunstvoll; car schick; ( fig) talk geschwollen pej
    I wanted a simple black dress, nothing \fancy ich wollte ein einfaches schwarzes Kleid, nichts Ausgefallenes
    never mind the \fancy phrases, just give us the facts reden Sie nicht lange drum herum, nennen Sie uns einfach die Fakten fam
    \fancy footwork FBALL gute Beinarbeit
    2. (whimsical) versponnen
    \fancy ideas Fantastereien pl pej
    don't you go filling his head with \fancy ideas setz ihm keinen Floh ins Ohr fam
    I keep away from the \fancy shops ich meide die teuren Nobelgeschäfte
    Eastbourne is a \fancy place Eastbourne ist ein teures Pflaster fam
    to live in a \fancy area in einem Nobelviertel wohnen
    \fancy car Nobelkarosse f fam, Luxusschlitten m fam
    \fancy foods Delikatessen pl
    \fancy prices astronomische Preise
    4. attr (fashion) Mode-
    \fancy article Modeartikel m
    5. attr BOT, ZOOL speziell gezüchtet
    6.
    ▶ \fancy footwork ( fam) Geschick nt
    she did some \fancy footwork to get out of a tight corner sie zog sich geschickt aus der Affäre fam
    * * *
    ['fnsɪ]
    1. vt
    1)

    (= like, be attracted by) I don't fancy a house in Glasgow — ich möchte kein Haus in Glasgow haben

    I didn't fancy that job/that party — die Stelle/die Party hat mich nicht gereizt

    do you fancy a walk/steak/beer? — hast du Lust zu einem Spaziergang/auf ein Steak/auf ein Bier?

    count me out, I don't fancy the idea — ohne mich, das ist nichts für mich

    I don't fancy the idea, but I'll have to do it — ich habe gar keine Lust dazu, aber ich muss es ja wohl tun

    I don't fancy THAT (idea)! —

    he fancies his chances — er meint, er hätte Chancen

    a bit of what you fancy does you good — man muss sich auch mal was Gutes gönnen

    2) (= imagine) meinen, sich (dat) einbilden; (= think) glauben

    he fancied he heard footsteps — er meinte, Schritte zu hören

    I rather fancy he has gone out —

    how long? – not long, I fancy — wie lange? – nicht lange, denke or glaube ich

    3)

    (in exclamations) fancy doing that! — so was(, das) zu tun!

    fancy him doing that! — nicht zu fassen, dass er das getan hat or tut!

    (just) fancy! (inf) — (nein) so was!, denk mal an! (inf)

    just fancy, he... (inf) — stell dir vor, er...

    fancy seeing you here! — so was, Sie hier zu sehen!

    fancy him winning! — wer hätte gedacht, dass er gewinnt!

    2. vr
    von sich eingenommen sein, sich für Wunder was halten (inf)

    he fancies himself as an actor/expert — er hält sich für einen (guten) Schauspieler/einen Experten

    3. n
    1)

    (= liking) to have a fancy for sth — Lust zu etw haben; (for food or drink) Lust auf etw (acc)

    he's taken a fancy to her/this car/the idea — sie/das Auto/die Idee hat es ihm angetan

    to take or catch sb's fancy — jdn ansprechen, jdm gefallen

    they took a fancy to go swimming — sie bekamen Lust, schwimmen zu gehen

    just as the fancy takes me/you etc — ganz nach Lust und Laune

    he only works when the fancy takes him — er arbeitet nur, wenn ihm gerade danach ist

    2) no pl (= imagination) Fantasie f, Phantasie f
    3)

    (= notion, whim) I have a fancy that... — ich habe so ein Gefühl, dass...

    he had a sudden fancy to go to Spain — ihn überkam eine plötzliche Laune, nach Spanien zu fahren

    4. adj (+er)
    1) (inf: elaborate) clothes, shoes ausgefallen; pattern, hairdo, manoeuvre kunstvoll; food, gadget raffiniert; word, language hochtrabend

    how do you like our new computer? – very fancy! — wie gefällt dir unser neuer Computer? – sehr beeindruckend!

    fancy footwork (Ftbl) — geschickte Beinarbeit; (in dancing) komplizierte Schritte pl; (fig) raffinierte Manöver pl

    2) (often pej inf: smart) house, car, clothes, shop schick (inf); school, restaurant nobel, schick (inf)
    3) (inf: high) price überhöht, gepfeffert (inf)
    * * *
    fancy [ˈfænsı]
    A s
    1. Fantasie f:
    that’s mere fancy das ist reine Fantasie; → tickle A 1
    2. Idee f, plötzlicher Einfall:
    I have a fancy that … ich habe so eine Idee, dass …;
    when the fancy takes him wenn ihm danach ist
    3. Laune f, Grille f
    4. (bloße) Einbildung. it was only a fancy of mine ich habe es mir nur eingebildet
    5. (individueller) Geschmack
    6. Ästhetik: Einbildungskraft f
    7. (for) Neigung f (zu), Vorliebe f (für), (plötzliches) Gefallen (an dat), (lebhaftes) Interesse (an dat oder für):
    a) gernhaben (akk),
    b) Lust haben auf (akk);
    take a fancy to ( oder for) Gefallen finden an (dat), sympathisch finden (akk);
    catch sb’s fancy jemandes Interesse erwecken, jemandem gefallen
    8. Tierzucht f (aus Liebhaberei)
    9. the fancy koll obs die (Sport- etc) Liebhaber pl, besonders die Boxsportanhänger pl
    B adj
    1. Fantasie…, fantastisch, ausgefallen, übertrieben:
    fancy name Fantasiename m;
    fancy price Fantasie-, Liebhaberpreis m
    2. Mode…:
    3. Fantasie…, fantasievoll, ausgefallen, reich verziert, kunstvoll, bunt
    4. US Delikatess…, extrafein:
    fancy cakes feines Gebäck, Konditoreiware f
    5. aus einer Liebhaberzucht:
    C v/t
    1. sich jemanden oder etwas vorstellen:
    fancy him to be here stell dir vor, er wäre hier;
    fancy that!
    a) stell dir vor!, denk nur!,
    b) sieh mal einer an!, nanu!;
    fancy meeting you here komisch, dass ich Sie hier treffe;
    fancy her losing wer hätte gedacht, dass sie verliert
    2. annehmen, glauben ( beide:
    that dass)
    3. fancy o.s. sich einbilden ( to be zu sein):
    fancy o.s. (very important) sich sehr wichtig vorkommen;
    fancy o.s. (as) a great scientist sich für einen großen Wissenschaftler halten
    4. gernhaben oder gern mögen, angetan sein von:
    I don’t fancy this picture dieses Bild gefällt mir nicht;
    what do you fancy for breakfast? was möchtest oder hättest du gern zum Frühstück?
    5. Lust haben auf (akk):
    fancy doing sth Lust haben, etwas zu tun;
    I fancy going for a walk ich habe Lust, einen Spaziergang zu machen;
    I’d fancy an ice cream ich hätte Lust auf ein Eis
    6. Tiere, Pflanzen (aus Liebhaberei) züchten
    7. fancy up US umg ein Auto etc aufmotzen
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (taste, inclination)

    he has taken a fancy to a new car/her — ein neues Auto/sie hat es ihm angetan

    take or catch somebody's fancy — jemandem gefallen; jemanden ansprechen

    2) (whim) Laune, die
    3) (notion) merkwürdiges Gefühl; (delusion, belief) Vorstellung, die
    4) (faculty of imagining) Fantasie, die
    5) (mental image) Fantasievorstellung, die
    2. attributive adjective
    1) (ornamental) kunstvoll [Arbeit, Muster]

    fancy jewellery — Modeschmuck, der

    2) (extravagant) stolz (ugs.)
    3. transitive verb
    1) (imagine) sich (Dat.) einbilden
    2) (coll.) in imper. as excl. of surprise

    fancy meeting you here! — na, so etwas, Sie hier zu treffen!

    fancy that! — sieh mal einer an!; also so etwas!

    3) (suppose) glauben; denken

    ..., I fancy —..., möchte ich meinen

    4) (wish to have) mögen

    he fancies [the idea of] doing something — er würde etwas gern tun

    do you think she fancies him? — glaubst du, sie mag ihn?

    5) (coll.): (have high opinion of)

    fancy oneself as a singer — sich für einen [großen] Sänger halten

    fancy one's/somebody's chances — seine/jemandes Chancen hoch einschätzen

    * * *
    n.
    Laune -n f.

    English-german dictionary > fancy

  • 10 balance

    I ['bæləns] n
    - quick balance
    - electric balance
    - spring balance
    - assay balance
    - pan of balance
    - balance of the tongul of a balance     II ['bæləns] n
    1) равновесие, баланс, гармония, уравновешенность, самообладание

    He was thrown off balance when she ran into him. — Когда она натолкнулась на него, он потерял равновесие. /Когда она натолкнулась на него, он не смог устоять на ногах.

    She was off her balance with anger. — Она была вне себя от негодования.

    He kept his balance even at the most difficult moments. — Он не потерял самообладания даже в самые трудные минуты.

    I lost my balance and fell down the stairs. — Я оступился/потерял равновесие и упал с лестницы.

    An unexpected blow threw him off his balance. — Неожиданный удар сбил его с ног.

    I think that on balance he is a useful man. — Учитывая все обстоятельства, я считаю его полезным человеком.

    Alcohol causes lack of balance. — Под действием алкоголя человек теряет равновесие.

    Even a trifle may turn the balance. — Даже мелочь/случайность может изменить положение.

    After her illness her balance of mind was disturbed. — Болезнь подействовала на ее психику.

    - stable balance
    - doubtful balance
    - uncertain balance
    - heat balance
    - favourable balance
    - unfavourable balance
    - strategic balance
    - balance of good and evil
    - balance of probability
    - balance of mind
    - balance of colours
    - on balance
    - balance of nature
    - balance of power
    - man of unusual balance
    - want of balance
    - be a balance to smth, to smb
    - maintain the balance of power
    - keep one's balance
    - lose one's balance
    - be off one's balance
    - be in the balance
    - be in perfect balance
    - hold the balance
    - make out the balance
    - strike the balance
    - win a race with a nice balance in hand
    - be off balance

    He spent the balance of his life in travel. — Последние годы своей жизни он посвятил путешествиям.

    He gave the balance of his dinner to the dog. — Он отдал собаке остаток своего обеда.

    - balance of his life
    - balances with foreign banks
    - pay the balance
    3) баланс, остаток вклада, сальдо, смета
    See:

    My bank balance isn't very large any more. — У меня на счете в банке осталось очень немного.

    - rough balance
    - trial balance
    - sterling balances
    - annual balance sheet
    - one's bank balance
    - balance sheet
    - balance sheet profit
    - cash balance in hand
    - balance of goods and services
    - balance of orders
    - size of the balance in the account
    - bring accounts to balance
    - make up a balance sheet
    - make up the balance
    - overcome an adverse balance
    - keep large cash balances in accounts at the bank
    - settle a balance
    - freeze bank balances
    - bring accounts to a balance     III ['bæləns] v
    1) балансировать, сохранять равновесие, быть в равновесии, уравновешивать (что-либо; что-либо чем-либо)

    The boy was balancing on the chair. — Мальчик качался/раскачивался на стуле.

    One thing balances another. — Одно компенсирует другое.

    I hope that the figures for income and costs balance out. — Я надеюсь, что данные по поступлениям и расходам придут в соответствие друг с другом.

    Balanced herself half over the balcony-rail. — Она наполовину перевесилась через перила балкона.

    - balance oneself
    - balance on a rope
    - be mentally balanced
    - balance disadvantage by smth
    - balance out
    2) подводить итоги, подсчитывать баланс, подводить баланс
    - balance one's accounts
    - balance the accounts
    - balance the budget
    - accounts don't balance
    - turn the balance

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > balance

  • 11 chance

    [tʃaːns]
    n
    1) возможность, удобный случай, случайность, неожиданное событие, случай, шанс

    He had a better chance of recovery. — У него было больше шансов на выздоровление.

    It is his only chance. — Это его единственный шанс.

    It is the chance of a lifetime. — Такая возможность бывает раз в жизни.

    There is a good chance. — Есть благоприятная возможность.

    I had no chance to speak to him. — У меня не было удобного случая поговорить с ним.

    He gave me no chance to say a word. — Он не дал мне сказать ни слова.

    - good chance
    - rare chance
    - happy chance
    - another chance like this
    - chance to do smth
    - chance of getting the job
    - have a chance
    - have many chances
    - give smb another chance
    - have no proper chance to do the job
    - lose one's chance
    - cut smb off from all chances of return
    - stand a good chance
    - have no chance to do smth
    - do smth on the chance
    - not the remotest chance
    - not the slightest chance
    2) случай, случайность

    It couldn't be a matter of chance. — Что не могло быть случайностью.

    I can't take any chances. — Я не могу рисковать. /Я не могу идти на какой-либо риск.

    I will not take any chances. — Я рисковать не буду. /Я не пойду ни на какой риск.

    Do you by any chance know where he is? — Вы случайно не знаете, где он?

    - lucky chance
    - unexpected chance
    - chance remark
    - chance meeting
    - chance talk
    - quite by chance
    - matter of chance
    - games of chance
    - theory of chances
    - by chance
    - by a lucky chance
    - do smth by chance
    - leave things to chance
    - leave nothing to chance
    - take chances
    - hear smth by chance
    3) шанс, вероятность, надежда

    There is not the slightest chance of improvement (of recovery). — На улучшение (на выздоровление) нет никаких надежд.

    There is just a chance that he will come (of getting there in time). — Не исключено, что он еще придет (что мы успеем туда во время).

    The plan has no chance with them. — Шансы на то, что план будет иметь у них успех ничтожны.

    An evil chance seldom comes alone. — ◊ Беда беду кличет. /Лиха беда не живет одна. /Пришла беда - отворяй ворота.

    Nine chances out of ten. — ◊ В девяти случаях из десяти.

    One chance in a thousand. — ◊ Один шанс на тысячу.

    - chances for recovery
    - chance of success
    - have a small chance
    - have little chance for smth
    - have every chance to win
    - have a slender chance for smth
    - have every chance
    - offer little chance
    - chances are that...
    - no earthly chance for smth
    •
    USAGE:

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > chance

  • 12 gain

    1. n часто доходы; заработок; барыши; выручка; прибыль
    2. n нажива; корысть
    3. n выигрыш
    4. n достижения, завоевания
    5. n победа

    to gain the garland — завоевать пальму первенства, одержать победу

    6. n увеличение, рост, прирост

    rate of gain — интенсивность прироста; интенсивность привеса

    7. n воен. успех
    8. n геол. привнос
    9. n физ. усиление
    10. v получать; приобретать
    11. v зарабатывать
    12. v добывать
    13. v извлекать пользу, выгоду
    14. v выиграть
    15. v добиться, завоевать

    to gain the lead — быть на первом месте; вырваться вперёд, стать лидером, лидировать

    gain a majority — получить большинство; добиться перевеса

    16. v захватывать, завоёвывать

    to gain ground — захватывать местность; продвигаться вперёд

    17. v достигать, добираться
    18. v увеличивать, набирать

    gain in momentum — расти; усиливаться; увеличиваться

    19. v увеличиваться, нарастать; прибавлять

    to gain in weight — прибавлять в весе, набирать вес, полнеть

    20. v нагонять
    21. v двигаться быстрее, чем …
    22. v постепенно вторгаться, захватывать часть суши
    23. v постепенно добиваться расположения; всё больше нравиться; захватывать

    music that gains on the listeners — музыка, которая постепенно захватывает слушателей

    to gain a foothold — укрепиться, утвердиться ; стать твёрдой ногой; завоевать положение

    to gain the upper hand — одержать победу, взять верх, одолеть

    24. n стр. вырез, гнездо
    25. n горн. вруб, зарубка
    26. n горн. квершлаг, просек
    27. v стр. делать гнездо или паз
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. achievement (noun) achievement; breakthrough; headway; progress
    2. increase (noun) accretion; accrual; accumulation; addition; advance; increase; profits; winnings
    3. interest (noun) interest; return
    4. profit (noun) advantage; benefit; blessing; boon; earnings; favour; lucre; proceeds; profit; return
    5. achieve (verb) accomplish; achieve; rack up; reach; realize; score; succeed
    6. advance (verb) advance; approach; better; forward; near; overtake; progress
    7. attain (verb) arrive at; attain; get to; hit on; reach
    8. augment (verb) augment; enlarge; expand; grow
    9. get (verb) annex; chalk up; come by; compass; get; have; land; obtain; pick up; procure; pull; secure
    10. increase (verb) accrue; build up; develop; increase
    11. make (verb) acquire; bring in; deserve; draw down; earn; knock down; make; merit; pull down
    12. pay (verb) clean up; clear; draw; gross; make; net; pay; produce; realise; repay; return; yield
    13. rally (verb) ameliorate; come around; convalesce; improve; look up; mend; perk up; rally; recover; recuperate
    14. take (verb) capture; take; win
    Антонимический ряд:
    decrease; destroy; disperse; dissipate; exhaust; expend; fail; failure; forfeit; lavish; lose; loss; miss; reduce; retreat; scatter; spend; suffer

    English-Russian base dictionary > gain

См. также в других словарях:

  • win — {{Roman}}I.{{/Roman}} noun ADJECTIVE ▪ big, comfortable, convincing, decisive, easy, emphatic, handsome (esp. BrE), resounding, runaway (BrE) …   Collocations dictionary

  • unexpected — adj. VERBS ▪ be ADVERB ▪ most, very ▪ Help came from a most unexpected quarter. ▪ completely, quite …   Collocations dictionary

  • List of Tales of the Unexpected episodes — This is a list of episodes of the British drama series, Tales of the Unexpected. Contents 1 Series one 2 Series two 3 Series three 4 Series four …   Wikipedia

  • History of the United States (1991–present) — This article covers the history of the United States from 1991 to present, beginning at the end of the Cold War with the fall of the Soviet Union and the start of the United States military involvement in the Middle East.Globalization and the new …   Wikipedia

  • History of the United States (2000s) — The history of the United States in the 2000s saw the rise of the George W. Bush administration, the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, and the devastation of Hurricane Katrina. September 2001 terrorist attacks On the morning of September 11 2001 …   Wikipedia

  • Tom Seaver — Infobox MLB retired name=Tom Seaver position=Pitcher bats=Right throws=Right birthdate=birth date and age|1944|11|17 city state|Fresno|California debutdate=April 13 debutyear=by|1967 debutteam=New York Mets finaldate=September 19… …   Wikipedia

  • Dan Gurney — Born April 13, 1931 (1931 04 13) (age 80) Formula One World Championship career Nationality …   Wikipedia

  • Reading F.C. season 2007-08 — Infobox Football club season club = Reading F.C. season = 2007 ndash;08 manager = Steve Coppell chairman = John Madejski league = Premier League league result = 18th (relegated) cup1 = FA Cup | cup1 result = Third Round cup2 = League Cup | cup2… …   Wikipedia

  • NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship — NCAA Men s Basketball Championship redirects here. For other division tournaments, see NCAA basketball tournament (disambiguation). NCAA Men s Division I Basketball Championship Current season or competition: 2011 NCAA Men s Division I Basketball …   Wikipedia

  • CFR Cluj — Full name Fotbal Club CFR 1907 Cluj Nickname(s) The Railwaymen The White Burgundies Founded 1907 …   Wikipedia

  • Dean Bailey — Personal information Full name Dean Bailey Date of birth 18 …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»